 |
An International Newsletter On Energy Efficiency Issues In The Developing CountriesDecember 1995 - Volume 3, Nš 2 |
|
|
An International Newsletter On Energy Efficiency Issues In The Developing CountriesDecember 1995 - Volume 3, Nš 2 |
Founding Editor: Dr. Gilberto M. Jannuzzi, UNICAMP. Founding Co-Editor: Dr. Ashok Gadgil, Lawrence Berkeley Lab.. Co-Editors: Koshy Cherail, Centre for Science and Environment, New Delhi and Mr. Geoff Stiles, SADC Industrial Energy Management Project, Zimbabwe. Information Officer: Dr. Mario O. Cencig (cencig@cesar.unicamp.br), UNICAMP. Computing Assistant: F.P. Cardoso (fpc@fem.unicamp.br). Please see additional information at the end. |
International Database on Energy Efficiency: Spanish version.
New developments on INDEEP projectAs part of our work on the International Database on Energy Efficiency Programs, the data collection instrument (DCI) used to collect program information has been translated by our friends from Spain. Thus, the DCI (a 4-page form) and the instructions used to complete the DCI are available in Spanish. If someone would like to complete a DCI on an energy efficiency program in Spanish (or English), please contact Dr. E. Vine at the address below.
Thus far, this project has focused on European and U.S. energy efficiency programs. Reports are available on the INDEEP project (the first Annual Report and a conference paper presented at the European Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy's Summer Study (1995)).
The INDEEP project is an effort that makes available information on electric and gas utility demand-side management (DSM) programs as well as those carried out by others (e.g., government agencies).
INDEEP focus on program descriptions and key summary data on program costs, participation rates, energy and demand savings, and evaluation methodologies. Practical information, such as program contacts, are also included in the data base. In addition, summaries of pertinent data will be provided periodically that present the lessons learned in particular types of programs (e.g., lightins programs in commercial buildings, or appliance rebate programs for energy-efficient refrigerators). As more energy efficiency programs are implemented, their experience will be transferred to the data base.
If you are interested in the reports or want to contribute to collecting the DSM program data, please contact:
Dr. E. Vine
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Building 90-4000
Berkeley, California 94720
Ph: 510-486-6047
Fax: 510-486-6996
Email: elvine@lbl.gov
Information on energy use and energy cost in the Chemical Industry
Dr. R.Barnagee from the Indian Institute of Technology at Bombay is conducting a project for a non-profit organisation in the Chemical
Industry in India. The project titled "Impact of Energy Cost in the Chemical Industry" has the following objectives:
- assess the impact of energy cost in the chemical industry (for different industrial segments)
- identify the components of the energy cost (by different fuels); and
- study effects of changes in energy prices on the total production cost.
Initially the Indian Industrial sector is being disaggregated into 8 segments and trends in energy use and energy cost (last 5 years) are being reviewed. Dr. Barnejee would like to get in touch with groups which have carried out similar studies in different parts of the world to share information and learn from their experiences. He also hopes to make inter-country comparisons.
Please contact:
Dr. Rangan Banerjee or Rajnish Kamat
Energy Systems Engg.
Dept. of Mechanical Engg.
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)
Powai, Bombay - 400076
INDIA.
E mail: rangan@me.iitb.ernet.in / rajnish@me.iitb.ernet.in
Phone: +91 22 5782545 Extn. 2593 / 2548
Fax: +91 22 5783480
Indian-German Industrial Energy Efficiency Improvement ProjectThe TATA ENERGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, Bangalore office, and the GTZ GmbH, the German Agency for Technical Cooperation have recently launched a major project supported by the Govt. of India and the Govt. of Germany, which aims at providing a wide range of comprehensive assistance to Industry, to achieve improved energy efficiency in their operations.
Briefly, the project aims at enabling industries such as cement, iron & steel and food processing, in improving energy efficiency through use of latest energy saving innovations and technologies, by providing in-depth consultations, training and information assistance- including detailed energy audits, technology audits, information dissemination reports, demonstration projects etc.
As an integral part of information dissemination process in this project, it is proposed to set-up an " Energy Information & Advisory Service Bureau"(EI&ASB), which could provide varied types of information at request to industries, required for planning, control and decision making concerning investments in energy efficiency measures. The database should contain information about case studies, demonstration project, supplieres of products, energy audit database, technology database, addresses of institutions/companies involved.
for more information, please contact:
Dr. Christoph Menke c/o PN: 90.2035.5-01.200
GTZ Senior Advisor, Bangalore
TATA Energy Research Institute
50/7 Palace Road
Tel.: + 91 80 22 68 296 Bangalore 56052
Fax.: + 91 80 22 55 760
India
E-Mail: menke.blr@sm9.sprintrpg.sprint.com
Energy Efficiency in the Czech Republic
CFL Demonstration ProjectAs a follow-up to the project on the subsidized sale of compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) in the Czech Republic (News at SEVEn, June '94), CEZ, the Czech Power Utility, prepared a demonstration project in 1994 to assess the real energy savings that households can achieve by installing CFLs. A 16-floor building in Prague was chosen for the project. The building has 96 apartments with centrally-supplied heating and hot water, and natural gas for cooking. In the framework of the project, a total of 256 CFLs, with power inputs of 15, 20 and 23 W, were installed. The original intention to replace the incandescent bulbs in the hallways with 32 additional CFLs was not realized because the necessary safety covers had not been installed on the original light fixtures.
Reference measurements taken before CFL installation (in May 1994) showed a fairly typical total consumption figure of 94.8 kWh/day. Post-installation measurements conducted in June 1994 registered 88.6 kWh/day. This value represents an achieved savings of 6.6% per day. Larger decreases, about 9%, in consumption were registered during the evening hours (between 7pm and midnight). During the period of highest load (between 9 and 10pm), the decrease in consumption reached 25%.
According to CEZ's findings, the peak coincidence of CFL use in the 96 monitored apartments achieved values of 0.1 to 0.15 (0.2 was a singular exception). This means that 10-15% of the installed CFLs were in use simultaneously during the peak-load period.
In winter, measurements of the reduction in energy consumption were made once again. This time, however, the consumption of the building with the CFLs was compared with that of a neighboring building of the same type; the level of daily electricity consumption in the building with CFLs was 4.5% lower than in the neighboring house. Because the second building had an unknown number of demand devices, however, the values obtained are probably not very indicative.
In conclusion, it should be pointed out that only two to three standard light bulbs per household can be replaced with CFLs in an economic way. But precisely such a substitution can decrease electricity consumption by over 20% during peak periods. And that is a value worth considering.
Solar Pensioners' HomeAs discussed in previous issues of News at SEVEn, financing is generally seen as the leading barrier to implementing energy efficiency projects. Long-term loans are considered anything over four years and are difficult to obtain, and mortgages are problematic. Furthermore, low residental energy tarifes discourage customer investments in efficiency. Ecohouses have it especially difficult, as they require higher initial investment than classic construction projects. It requires effort and determination to successfully construct an efficient building in the Czech Republic, but despite the stumbling blocks, there are now several ecohouses in this country.
A new solar complex in the Czech Republic is an example of the successes of energy efficiency when obstacles are overcome. This newest example, in the town of Svitavy, is a senior citizens' facility which utilizes solar energy. When it was proposed to build another unattractive, pre-fabricated panel building (News, March 1995) in Svitavy, the town's mayor instead supported the work of two architects who had a much more aesthetic proposal for this facility. The result is a complex of four low, attractive buildings with 115 apartment units. They are spaced so as not to shade each other, and a fifth building interconnects the complex. Individual apartments face to the South and all have a jutting, glassed-in balcony that serves as a small greenhouse or additional social area. The buildings have saddle roofs that are glass and can also serve as greenhouses. The heat accumulates and is used through the ventilation system to heat the apartments. In the summer, cool air on the northern facade is collected and distributed to the apartments. The attic of the highest building houses three air-water heat pumps for heating hot water. They make use of the temperature difference between the interior and exterior. Except during periods of freezing weather, these pumps can completely meet the demand for hot water in the whole complex. All these features have resulted in energy savings of 50% for the Svitavy facility. Although costs for building this ecohouse were approximately 10% higher than for a standard pre-fabricated panel building, the dramatically high level of savings should inspire other cities to implement similar projects.
Energy Services Make a DifferenceAfter several successful energy efficiency efforts in the Czech Republic, the Krunohorsk, Association for Energy Efficiency (KSUE, News, January & June 1995) has also looked at another aspect of the field: improving energy services. A common misconception in the Czech Republic is that a shortage of financing is the primary obstacle to implementing energy efficiency measures. As a result, once investors make the necessary expenditures for energy efficiency, they tend to consider the matter resolved. They are then disappointed when, after the heating season, for example, they find that they have achieved a considerably lower level of savings than they expected. The entire problem lies in energy services. Part of these services is the regular monitoring of the efficiency of the installed equipment: investment and intermittent monitoring of consumption, immediate response to abnormalities in the consumption and operation of the installed equipment. It is precisely energy services like thorough en ergy monitoring and immediate equipment repair that make up 30-50% of energy savings. As a rule, however, energy monitoring is underestimated, and often building owners consider it totally unnecessary. Energy monitoring is thus reduced to mere monthly consumption readings in order to establish billing for energy used. These consumption numbers, moreover, are read by distributors, who naturally are not interested in drawing attention to any above-average consumption.
Let us take a small example of how one-time investments in energy efficiency do not automatically lead to the achievement of the expected savings. The building in question is an elementary school in a city not far from Most, Obrnice. The school is connected to the district heating system by a local central boiler. In 1994, 250,000 Kc (26 Kc/$) was invested in efficiency measures for this building. Before the implementation of these measures, this school building had no means whatsoever for reducing energy consumption. Once the measures were installed, it was assumed that the regulation of heat and the application of a damping heating program on weekends and outside of the actual school building would result in a savings level of at least 20%.
KSUE recently evaluated the state of heat consumption in this building
after installation of the energy-saving measures (which were only
applied in the area of heating) and then compared these results with
the state of heat consumption before installation. KSUE gathered the
following data:
Elementary School in Obrnice near Most in Northern Bohemia
Annual Heat Consumption Pre-Installation of Efficiency Measures: 3200
GJ
Annual Heat Consumption Post-Installation of Efficiency Measures with
a Theoretical Reduction of 20%: 2885 GJ
Actually Achieved Savings 315 GJ
Achieved Level of Savings 9.8%
In examining the school building in question, KSUE found a cost savings potential of at least 25%. Yet this number can only be achieved with thorough energy monitoring. KSUE is currently in the process of closing a contract for energy services in this school building, with the aim of demonstrating the significance and effectiveness of energy monitoring.
Prague Metro Experiment with EfficiencyThe Prague Public Transportation System has called off an experiment designed to save electricity in its metro network. The metro system installed new escalators in two of its stations: they operate on a photoelectric cell that turns them on only when they hold passengers. Although this system was meant to save energy and expenses by controlling the operation of the escalators, the result was disappointing: due to the high number of passengers, the escalators were turned on and off very frequently, meaning that costs were much higher than when the escalators operated all day. Because all Prague metro stations are busy and some have escalators that are too long for this device, the Prague Public Transportation System does not foresee equipping any additional stations with the efficient escalators. The two stations which already have them will make use of the efficient system only in the evening hours, when the number of metro passengers goes down. Two other stations have replaced the original e scalators from the year the Prague metro was constructed (1974) with new escalators that are slower but use 40% less energy. All the Prague metro stations will gradually install these more efficient escalators.
City Heated by StrawThe town of Pelhimov, in southern Bohemia, has found that energy efficiency can mean simply using the advantage of one's location. The town namely finds itself in a region where the rape plant is becoming an increasingly important crop. Since the plant is mainly harvested for the oil from its seeds, most of it ends up being discarded in the manufacturing process.
Starting this fall, however, the straw from the plant will be used as fuel for the local heating plant's biomass incinerator; it is expected that the straw will produce enough heat to supply almost half of the town. The eco-friendly project will be carried out by the private company Iromez, the town's local heat supplier.
New studies available from SEVEn
Monitoring and Evaluating Energy Efficiency Programs in the Czech Republic (first draft) available in Czech and English
For information on how to order, please contact the SEVEn office.
A Demonstration Project in Cerveny VrchBack in the days of legendarily low energy prices, Professor Hlavacek, a renter in one of three 13-story buildings in the part of Prague known as erven Vrch, tried to introduce measures that would reduce the amount of wasted heat and at the same time increase the temperature comfort of all the renters in his building. But in the end, the deficiencies in the building's heating system were solved by the old method of simply increasing the heat supply to apartments where temperatures were too low, an d by opening the windows in overheated apartments where the shut-off valves on the radiators did not work.
With the announcement in 1991 of the state program to support the Federal Energy Agency's demonstration projects, the team working on this particular project at last saw their chance. First in one building and then expanded to include a second, neighboring building, so that the measures were actually implemented in two buildings of 104 apartments each. The state provided significant financial support in the form of a 70% subsidy of the project's total costs. The remaining 30% of the costs had to be put up by the owners of the buildings themselves (cooperatives), and even such a greatly reduced implementation cost (the owners had to pay about 11800 Kc per flat from their own pockets) raised many discussions and doubts about the effectiveness of the project.
The measures implemented in both buildings (comprehensive insulation of walls and roofs, regulation and monitoring of heat supplied to individual apartments, individual hot domestic water (HDW) monitoring, and the installation of a third pane of glass in the windows of one building) represented a total cost of over 8.5 million K=F2. Monitoring following the installation of the conservation measures showed an overall decrease of over 30% in demand for heat and in HDW consumption. Heat consumption decre ased from the former average of 4800 GJ per year per building to a level of about 3300 GJ per year per building. But living in a building with such advanced efficiency technology does not automatically save you money: the individual monitoring of average heat consumption in each apartment meant that especially undisciplined renters had to pay additional fees on top of their heating bill deposits - in some cases, over 5000 K=F2 per year! What are the project's results?
On average, each renter pays about 2000-2500 K=F2 less per year for heat. The differences between the individual renters' bills are marked, fluctuating between 80 Kc per m2 (0,52 GJ/m2) per year and 340 K=F2 per m2 (2,22 GJ/m2) per year. In terms of yearly heating bills, the difference between these values is about 12000 K=F2. Now if that's not sufficient incentive for rational heat management in apartments
Czech Economic Laws available in English
For a list of available translations of Czech economic laws, or to
order, please contact
Trade Links publications,
Opletalova 4, 113 76
Prague 1, Czech Republic.
Phone: +42-2-24241535 or -24241536
Fax: +42-2-24210692 or -24210897
Company Close-UpIMC (Informational and Managerial Center) Zlin is a private company established in January of 1992. The company provides various technical services for industrial enterprises, including comprehensive processing and informational systems as well as industrial design and engineering work in construction, technology and energetics. IMC Zlin also has several service departments.
Of particular interest to the energy efficiency field is IMC Zlin's activities in industrial automation. The automation division offers energy audits of businesses and has developed an energy processing and information system called ERIS, which measures the consumption of various kinds of energy (electricity, heat consumed or produced, water, gas, and others) and automatically regulates consumption. This precise monitoring and regulation of consumption helps prevent energy waste, makes energy consum ption more efficient, and can lower the energy intensity of production. Potential savings in energy costs can equal almost one million K=F2 per year. The rate of return on the system is between six months and three years.
IMC Zlin has a daughter company, IMC Topolcany, which implements the ERIS system in Slovakia. Currently, IMC Zlin has no international activities, but future work in the United Kingdom and Austria is in the planning stages.
For more information, please contact Frantisek Hruska, Manager of the automation division.
IMC Zlin
P.O. Box 19
760 01 Zl=A4n
Phone: +42-067-600-244
Fax: +42-067-600-442
The State of Energy Efficiency in Czech IndustryThe composition of the Czech Republic's economy has been determined by one major factor in the last forty years: the former Czechoslovak Socialist Republic was oriented primarily toward industrial production, especially machine tools and heavy industry. Light industry was developed to a lesser extent, and in the past 20 years its share has actually diminished. One must keep in mind also the long tradition of industry in the Czech Republic. In the period before the Second World War, industry on the t erritory of the present-day Czech Republic was among the very best in the world.
While the period of central planning was known for the conglomeration of small and mid-sized enterprises into larger units, after 1989 the opposite process began; the total of 430 industrial enterprises in 1989 grew to 16,852 by the summer of 1992. The gigantic enterprises of the past have fragmented, the successors have privatized, and new private companies are already springing up. This period has been marked by a significant decline in industrial production, caused especially by the disintegratio n of eastern markets and by the internal restructuring of industry. For these reasons, most enterprises have fallen well below their optimal production potential. This condition has seriously reduced their energy effectiveness, which, given the artificially low set prices of energy input, was poor to begin with.
In industry, the low level of energy efficiency is caused primarily by the unsatisfactory technical condition of equipment. This factor does not seem to be the decisive obstacle to improving the situation, since progressive technologies are sufficiently well known. Rather, the main barrier to improving energy efficiency perhaps lies in the attitude of the top management of industrial enterprises, where the practice of devoting only minimal attention to energy efficiency issues still prevails. The only issues of any concern are the purchase of fuel and electricity, and possibly the operation of the boilers. This approach still determines the outlook of the people responsible for conserving energy in the enterprise, who do not carry out the calculations of possible energy savings to the end. The reason may be ignorance of the problems involved or the assumption that energy savings are not important enough to have much effect on the business. While it is true that in many sectors of industry, ene rgy costs make up only a small part of an enterprise's total expenses, experience shows that energy savings can reach values of 20% or higher in practically every industrial enterprise once current technologies are applied.
One way to effect the desired change would be a massive informational campaign aimed, among other things, at the top management of such enterprises. This activity should lead to a reinforcing of the authority of energy experts in the business sphere, and also encourage the spread of processing systems for energy management, based on detailed energy audits and the application of the results of these audits. The present financial situation of many enterprises is not the best, but from the point of view of society as a whole, great emphasis should be placed on the steps presented here. In business terms, furthermore, they will be manifested as an importand economic contribution in the long term.
The Growth of Electricity ConsumptionIn 1994, electricity consumption rose by over 3% compared to the preceding year. This is the first time since 1989 that the decreasing trend in electricity consumption has experienced a turnaround. The main increase in consumption comes from the strong development of direct electric heating. The newly-installed output of direct electric heating appliances has already reached 2000 MW, that is, the capacity size of the newly-constructed Temelin nuclear power plant. The electric heating boom, which has raised the peaks in the electrification system, is supported by state subsidies under the framework of the National Program for Healing the Atmosphere, whose goal is to decrease emissions in the lower atmosphere. The effect of the boom has been such that voices advocating the construction of a new peak power plant have already been raised.
Another important factor is the significant cross-subsidization of heating rates for households, where the market price of electricity is far beneath its actual production cost. On the macroeconomic level, this situation results in incorrect price signals. Subsidies to support electricity use necessitate further unnecessary investment into new sorces of energy, which leads to the creation of a textbook example of ineffective allocation. The Ministry of Industry addressed this development in its upda ted energy policy of June 1995, in which it recommended the rapid reduction or elimination of residential energy price subsidies.
Legal Brief: Reduced VAT on Energy-efficient and Renewable TechnologyLaw No. 588/1992 (ammended in 1994) of the Czech Republic's legal code concerns the Value Added Tax (VAT). At present the VAT on most products, including technology, is 22%. Some energy efficiency technology, however, is taxed at a lower rate of only 5%. These items are: solar equipment, heat pumps, hydraulic and wind turbines with outputs of less than 100 kW and 75 kW, respectively, compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), gas discharge lamps, thermostatic valves, flow indicators, and electronic gauges to measure heat consumption in households.
Renewable Energy Projects sought for Investment November 15, 1995 -- Environmental investment group seeks renewable energy projects in the Philippines to apply for $100,000 to $300,000 equity or loan investments. Small hydro, solar, biomass, wind, geothermal inquiries are welcome. Funding is being supplied by the United States Agency for International Development, as part of a technical assistance and investment program with Winrock International.
Contact: Ms. Tammy Newmark,
Environmental Enterprises Assistance Fund (Washington, DC)
tel (703) 522-5928; fax (703) 522-6450
e-mail: eeaf@igc.apc.org
Mr. Roberto Julian, tel (632) 631-2826; fax 632-7097
Preferred Energy Investments (Manila, the Philippines).
*****
Environmental Enterprises Assistance Fund is a non-profit organization that provides loans, equity capital and technical assistance to environmental entrepreneurs in developing countries.
Its goal is to support environmental businesses while encouraging local capital markets to finance sustainable development.
Environmental Enterprises is funded in part by the U.S. Agency for International Development.
News from Africa
NAMIBIA AND SWAZILAND SADC ENERGY MANAGEMENT TRAINING PROGRAMME
The SADC Industrial Energy Management Training Project has just completed its first cycle of training in two Southern African countries, Namibia and Swaziland. The project, which was originally developed by the Canadian International Development Agency to provide a broad range of energy efficiency services to key industrial subsectors in the twelve-country SADC region, has now elected to focus on training of industry personnel. The core training is carried out in a series of three workshops combined with followup visits to the plants of each trainee. Trainees are provided with a basic set of energy audit equipment and taught how to undertake a basic end-use assessment of their plant, as well as to identify specific efficiency opportunities in major industrial systems. They are then guided through the preparation of a report to management--in effect, an "energy audit" of their plant--which is presented at the end of the course. The course is based on a comprehensive "Energy Management Training Manual" and is delivered by two Canadian expert trainers.
The Swaziland course was delivered over a four-month period beginning in June in the Matsapha industrial area of the country, and was attended by 25 industry engineers and high-level technicians from eight different plants.
The Namibia course was delivered beginning in July at Swakopmund, near Walvis Bay, and was attended by 20 industry personnel from eight different plants.
Long-run sustainability for this initiative is being addressed by involving local training providers in the initial course delivery, and then working with these institutions to develop a second delivery of the course in the following year. Efforts are also underway to deliver specialist courses in energy management for several industry subsectors-- textiles, food and beverages and possibly mining--as well as for commercial/institutional buildings.
The next cycle of the core training course will commence in Zimbabwe and Zambia in February 1996. Later in 1996, a similar programme will be initiated in Malawi and Tanzania.
Person wishing to receive further information on the outline of the course and its general objectives should write to:
SADC Industrial Energy Management Training Programme
PO Box 949
Harare, Zimbabwe
E-mail: snlhre@harare.iafrica.com
Fax: +263 4 791202
SOUTH AFRICA REVIEWS ENERGY EFFICIENCY POLICY OBJETIVES AT NATIONAL SEMINARSouth Africa, now in a transitional period leading up to major constitutional reform, has undertaken a wide-ranging series of consultations in the energy policy area, leading up to a major summit in late 1995 and a White Paper on Energy Policy in early 1997.
The Energy Green Paper, as it is widely called, was released in August of 1995. Prepared by an independent group of energy researchers under government contract, it covered the entire gamut of South African energy policy issues and revealed the enormous economic disparities and traditional political biases in the South African energy supply and demand picture. The major achievement of the paper was to emphasise the need for South Africa to develop energy policies which result in more socially equitable, energy efficient and environmentally friendly uses of energy in the country. Although not a set of recommendations but rather a compilation of issues, the information presented in the paper highlights the need to redirect South African energy priorities away from nuclear energy--which despite the country having only one nuclear power station, consumes over 70% of the annual government budget for energy-- towards greater emphasis on improving access to clean energy for low-income populations and altering the national price structure to ensure that users choose the most energy-efficient technologies and environmentally appropriate fuels.
The major energy efficiency issues addressed in the Green Paper were discussed in a special workshop held in Pretoria on 21 October 1995. This workshop was one of over twenty held for various sectors and issues, including a number of special workshops which were aimed at drawing in grassroots organisations and stakeholders from rural and marginal areas.
The Energy Efficiency workshop attracted approximately fifty persons from a range of sectors including industry and mining, commercial real estate companies, universities and research institutions, government (including parliament) and community groups. The groups debated key policy issues on a sectoral basis and then met in plenary to decide on recommendations which would be put forward to the National Energy Policy Summit.
The main recommendation flowing from the workshop was the establishment of a national Energy Efficiency Agency which would have as its major purpose the implementation of new government policies on energy efficiency.
Copies of the report of this workshop can be obtained from:
Prof R Dutkiewicz
Energy Research Institute
University of Cape Town
PO Box 33
Plumstead 7800
Cape Town RSA
Fax: +27 21 705-6266
Solar Energy International (SEI) announces THE 1996 RENEWABLE ENERGY EDUCATION PROGRAM (REEP)
SEI is a non-profit & educational organization whose mission is to encourage the practical use of renewable energies through education and technical assistance. The following SPRING 1996 workshops will be held in TUCSON, AZ and ASHEVILLE, NC., USA
For registration information on any of these workshops, contact: Solar Energy International, P.O. Box 715, Carbondale, CO 81623; tel. (970) 963-8855; fax (970) 963-8866; email: sei@solarenergy.org
A full catalog of REEP 1996 Workshops is available upon request. Includes workshops held in Carbondale, Colorado and Woodstock, NY, May through October..
SOLAR WATER PUMPING Tucson, AZ
February 5 - 8,
Monday - Thursday, 9 - 5
SOLAR COOKING Tucson, AZ
February 9 - 11,
Friday 7 - 10pm / Sat. & Sun. 9 - 5
SOLAR HOME DESIGN Tucson, AZ
February 12 - 24
Monday - Friday 5:30 - 10 pm / Sat. 9 - 5
PHOTOVOLTAIC DESIGN & INSTALLATION Tucson, AZ
March 4 - 15
Monday - Friday, 9 - 5
ADVANCED PHOTOVOLTAICS Tucson, AZ
March 18 - 29
Monday - Friday, 9 - 5
PHOTOVOLTAIC DESIGN & INSTALLATION Asheville, NC
April 8 - 12
Monday - Friday, 9 - 5
MICRO-HYDRO POWER Asheville, NC
April 19 - 21
Friday - Sunday, 9 - 5
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
SOLAR WATER PUMPING
Participants will learn to design, specify and install solar powered water pumping systems for livestock, irrigation and domestic use.
SOLAR COOKING
This workshop covers the fundamental principles of solar cooking. Participants receive hands-on instruction and will build their own solar oven. A variety of cooker designs and their applications are explored.
Topics Include:
SOLAR HOME DESIGN : Workshop Series
Learn the fundamentals of solar and energy-efficient construction. The workshops cover high performance passive solar homes. State-of-the-art passive solar designtools and progressive building techniques are presented. New construction, remodel/retrofit opportunities, case studies and tours of successful designs will also be included in these workshops.
Topics include:
PHOTOVOLTAICS DESIGN & INSTALLATION
Participants in the PV Design & Installation workshop learn how to use PV (photovoltaic) technology to produce their own electricity from the sun through practical design and installation of PV systems. Participants learn system sizing, site analysis, hardware specification and component selection. The workshop covers typical applications and case study examples. This workshop is for the beginner who wants to use PV or for those seeking employment in the solar industry.
The second week of the two-week workshops is devoted to hands-on installation of an operational system in the field. Participants also learn the proper use of tools and safety precautions.
Topics Include:
Other Activities Include:
ADVANCED PHOTOVOLTAICS
In this PV workshop, participants develop an in-depth understanding and skills in the design, installation and operation of photovoltaic systems. (Participants should be knowledgeable in electric theory and the design/installation of basic PV systems or have completed the PV Design & Installation course). Activities include hands-on laboratory exercises with batteries, inverters, controls, wiring and AC and DC appliances. Case studies will highlight systems design for code compliance nd commercial applications. This workshop is for people who currently work in or plan to be employed in the PV industry.
Topics Include:
MICRO-HYDRO POWER This workshop teaches how to design micro-hydro systems to generate electric power from small streams. Learn site evaluation, including how to measure and estimate head, flow, and power output. Learn to size and specify pipe, turbine, and other equipment for DC and AC sytems for electrical power generation of 50 Watt to 1000 kilo-Watt capacities.
Topics Include:
CO-SPONSORS
SEI Workshops in Tucson, AZ are co-sponsored by:
Arizona Dept. Of Commerce/Energy Office
Tucson Unifed School District
Tucson Electric Power
SEI Workshops in Asheville, NC are sponsored by:
American Solar Energy Society
North Carolina Solar Energy Assiciation
Solar Village Institute
Sundance Solar, Inc.
SEI believes that people learn by doing. Instructors are leaders in their fields, bringing with them the most up-to-date information in renewable energy technologies. Classroom and laboratory work is enhanced by case studies, tours, and practical installations.
SEI workshops are small. We work hard and ask that you do the sa me. We try our best to make your experience rewarding and enjoyable. Our workshops are in English, pero se habla espanol.
Workshops are open to all on a first-come, first-serve basis. Class size is limited. To reserve a seat, send us a deposit of 50 percent of the total tuition. Please note that $50 of your deposit is non-refundable.
SEI is located in Carbondale, Colorado, a small town in the heart of the Rocky Mountains, thirty miles west of Aspen and a three hour drive west of Denver.
For more information or to register for any of the 1996 REEP workshops, you may contact SEI via e-mail at sei@solarenergy.org, or write to SEI at P.O. Box 715, Carbondale, CO 81623. Our phone number is (970) 963-8855; fax (970) 963-8866.
WHO IS SOLAR ENERGY INTERNATIONAL? Solar Energy International (SEI) is a non-profit organization whose mission is to provide education and technical assistance so that others will be empowered to use renewable energy technologies.
SEI believes that renewable energy resources of solar, wind and water can improve the quality of life and promote sustainable development for people throughout the world. Renewable energy systems are practical, reliable, cost efficient and environmentally sound.
SEI works cooperatively with individuals and organizations to meet energy and resource efficiency goals. SEI provides education and training to decision makers, technicians and users of renewable energy sources. SEI also provides the expertise to plan, engineer and implement sustainable development projects.
SEI professionals have project and training experience in the Americas, Micronesia and the Caribbean. During the past 15 years, SEI staff have delivered services to the Pan American Health Organization, Non-Governmental Organizations, foreign, national and state governments, universities, and individuals seeking the benefits of renewable energy.
Solar Energy International
P.O. Box 715
Carbondale, CO 81623-0715
phone (970) 963-8855
fax (970) 963-8866
e-mail: sei@solarenergy.org
Below is a short description and instruction to access Enews Electronic Library:
Enews is accessible in two ways:
FTP: to use ftp, you should do the following:
- type ftp 143.106.1.5
- anonymous
- cd "/pub1/gopher-data/E-News (Electronic Library)"
- /*make sure you type the ""/*
- ls /* see which directory you want to get in */
- cd "directory-name" /* ex: cd "E-News"
- get [filename] /* ex: get "EDITION #1" */
- quit
GOPHER: to use gopher, just do the following:
- type gopher 143.106.1.5
- choose 2, and see what E-News (Electronic Library) has for you.
- After seeing the text you want, at the end, type s /* to save in your working area */
If you need any help, please contact: Fernando Cardoso (fpc@fem.unicamp.br)
| To send something to us, mail your message to enews@fem.unicamp.br. | If you wish to send questions directed to all other ENEWS subscribers, mail your material to l-enews@fem.unicamp.br. Please note that the list l-enews is moderated. |
| To start an electronic subscription to the Newsletter, send us a message saying subscribe l-enews in the first line to listserv@fem.unicamp.br. You don't need to fill in the Subject space. |
If you do not wish to participate in the discussion list but would like to receive the Enews Newsletter, send your subscription request to listserv@fem.unicamp.br with the command subscribe x-news. |